Perspectival realism claims that scientific knowledge is always situated into a vantage point. We argue that ecological psychology offers a suitable framework to develop perspectival epistemologies. Ecological psychology stresses that perception is focused on affordances, i.e. the possibilities of interactions afforded by reality given the abilities of an organism. We call the integrating view as ecological perspectivism. It claims that science offers knowledge of reality in terms of affordances, which are relational to the instruments and abilities of scientific communities. Cognition is of affordances, and what a domain affords for scientists depends on which skills and technologies they avail. We connect this proposal with the main arguments for perspectivism. First, regarding instrumental detections, ecological perspectivism offers a realist account of perception that treats the use of instruments as tools that scaffold and extend embodied cognition. Second, regarding model pluralism, ecological perspectivism supports an artifactualist account of modelling as embodied cognition extended by tools. Such tools can be representational by receiving semantic interpretations that associate them with targets through the use of linguistic skills. Third, we promote Michella Massimi’s account of Natural Kinds with a Human Face. It treats kinds as open-ended groupings of phenomena that salient nomological dependencies. However, ecological perspectivism suggests that the realist content of scientific perspectives must be cashed out in terms of affordances, thereby reinterpreting the metaphysical notion of ‘phenomena’.

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Este artigo dialoga com a interpretação de Ethel Rocha (2016) acerca do escopo do método da dúvida cartesiana na Primeira Meditação, em especial no que tange à hipótese do sonho. Rocha sustenta que a dúvida de Descartes visa refutar o modelo escolástico de racionalidade — alicerçado na experiência sensível —, sem pôr em dúvida seu próprio paradigma racionalista. Para ela, a hipótese do sonho seria suficiente para abalar o princípio aristotélico-escolástico de que "não há nada no intelecto que não tenha antes passado pelos sentidos" (nihil est in intellectu quod non prius fuerit in sensu). Ampliando essa leitura, este estudo introduz no debate a teoria dos sentidos internos, tal como elaborada na recepção da psicologia aristotélica desde Avicena e assimilada pela escolástica tardia. Defendo que essa teoria confere maior robustez à tese de Rocha — de que Descartes busca persuadir um leitor versado na filosofia das Escolas —, ao demonstrar como o argumento do sonho visa especificamente processos dos sentidos internos, centrais à epistemologia escolástica. Contudo, a incorporação desse marco teórico revela duas divergências interpretativas: a dúvida do sonho deixaria intocado o valor epistêmico dos dados sensoriais originários dos sentidos externos; e, consequentemente, a confiabilidade desses dados deve ser questionada pelas razões metafísicas de duvidar.

Descriptive Geometry (DG) is one of the pillars in the education of Engineers, Designers, and Architects, but its teaching is challenging due to its complexity and abstraction. The use of digital technologies facilitates this learning process, but there are few specific applications available. This work presents HyperCAL3D, developed for DG using vector geometry, object-oriented programming, OpenGL, and Object Pascal. The application enables real-time interactions, assisting professors and students in problem-solving, lesson preparation, and educational material development. HyperCAL3D enhances DG learning, making the process more practical and dynamic.

Docente de Filosofia, Eros Moreira de Carvalho aponta que, em seu descaso em relação à verdade e à vida comum, o pós-negacionista não se preocupa em legitimar suas dúvidas sob a roupagem da racionalidade sensata

In this note we develop a new technique for parameter estimation of univariate time series by means of a parametric copula approach. The proposed methodology is based on a relationship between a process’ covariance decay and parametric bivariate copulas associated to lagged variables. This relationship provides a way for estimating parameters that are identifiable through the process’ covariance decay, such as in long range dependent processes. We provide a rigorous asymptotic theory for the proposed estimator. We also present a Monte Carlo simulation study to asses the finite sample performance of the proposed estimator.