Ricardo de Sampaio Dagnino

The present study analyzed how the economic, social and human mobility factors were responsible for dissemination of Covid -19 in Brazil and the Legal Amazon region. Human mobility was analyzed by four dimensions according to the network's hierarchies of: migration, pendular mobility, airlift, hydro and road routes and healthcare system. Manaus, capital of Amazon, was the first diffuser pole of cases; this may be explained by absence of public lockdown policies and restriction of mobility by river routes and airport system. In the face of the worsening of the pandemic, between March to May 2020, the previous migratory pattern of the urban population was accentuated to inland Amazonian cities that spread the virus towards remote areas of the Amazon. In addition, there was a pendular migratory movement to Manaus, which is the only center in the region with highly complex hospitals; this fact led to a strong migratory movement of populations seeking medical assistance. The analysis on migration revealed a close relation of the spatiotemporal behavior of Covid-19 spread and the migration network to Manaus. There were significant correlations related to fluvial or waterway transportation axis along the Amazon River which is the dominant route of the region. These pathways have long distances to be covered from one pole to another and were additional factors for the spread of the pandemic during the period studied and have long travel times that can be an important factor for COVID-19 further dissemination. We conclude that the wide dissemination of COVID-19 cases across the Legal Amazon was the result of multifactorial causes that include social inequities, vulnerability, high rate of mobility and migration, information failure and administrative and social management of the crisis.

O livro resulta de uma reunião de diversos autores, que abordam questões teóricas, conceituais e práticas, bem como experiências acerca da temática dos riscos e vulnerabilidades.

Anos atrás, o destino permitiu que os geógrafos Salvador Carpi Junior e Ricardo Dagnino tivessem a oportunidade de trabalhar juntos com o tema. Influenciados por grandes mestres e por inúmeros colegas e amigos, formaram uma rede de colaboradores interessados em divulgar suas pesquisas e experiências.

Esperamos que o livro possa cumprir sua tarefa de promover o debate e conhecimento sobre riscos e vulnerabilidades, valorizando o papel da Ciência e das universidades. A todas as pessoas envolvidas nesta empreitada, nosso reconhecimento, admiração e gratidão.

The main goal of this study was to present the pathways or trajectories the Zika virus tends to expand through Brazil. Therefore, we proposed to map the network of cities that are linked to two important points of occurrence and distribution of cases of the disease, the municipalities of Recife and Rio de Janeiro. Recife for being an initial point of distribution of the Zika cases to the country, whereas the analysis of Rio de Janeiro can present the paths that the virus tends to follow from now. As data sources, we used the Brazilian Population Census (IBGE, 2010) and the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). From the Census it was possible to analyze the main migratory flows between Brazilian cities that presented Dengue epidemics between 2008 and 2012 (the mosquito vector of this disease is the same as Zika, Aedes aegypti). The results indicate the possible path that led to the distribution of the Zika virus from Recife to other locations in the Brazilian Northeast, reaching Rio de Janeiro, Brasília (the national capital) and, from there, spreading to the other states of the country.