O artigo aborda o tratado lógico de Geraldo Odon "De duobos communissimis principiis scientiarum" focando na noção de ens tertio adiacens: o ente significado pela totalidade da proposição e seu verificador. Odon o identifica ao sujeito dos princípios de não-contradição e terceiro excluído. O ens tertio adiacens também corresponde ao primeiro objeto adequado do intelecto e ao sujeito da lógica, a qual é entendida como a primeira ciência. Na segunda parte do artigo, localizamos Odon no debate historiográfico do realismo proposicional, ao lado de Walter Burley.

Copyright © 2015, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology). Accurate paleoenvironmental reconstruction relies on the correct interpretation of the postmortem history of skeletal remains in shelly assemblages. In contrast to marine settings, actualistic taphonomic studies are lacking for shell-rich concentrations in freshwater riverine systems. In particular, the taphonomic pathways and the origins of taphonomic signatures that are recorded in bioclasts from fluvial settings are poorly known. In this study, we addressed this issue by comparing the taphonomic signatures and shell-damage profiles among shells of freshwater mollusks recorded both in death and in fossil assemblages from the same fluvial environment. Our data indicated that dissolution was the most pervasive taphonomic process leading to the destruction of the shells. The loss of taphonomic information extended beyond shell dissolution in the riverbed, or the early diagenesis in the sedimentary record. The loss of biological information from the living community through the death assemblage, until the incorporation of shells as fossils, mainly occurred during the time the shells were in the sediment-water interface. Though this destruction affected primarily dead shells, reworked fossils also became vulnerable because they were carried out into the river load again by channel avulsion. A model that included the main taphonomic pathways followed by the molluscan shells in the fluvial Touro Passo Formation (Pleistocene-Holocene) is discussed. In this model, two main destructive domains were recognized, which were the biological, physical, and chemical processes operating at the taphonomically active zone (=TAZ domain) and the pedogenetic domain.

We investigate the dispersion relation for low frequency electromagnetic waves propagating parallel to the ambient magnetic field, considering that the velocity distributions of ions and electrons can be either bi-Maxwellian of product bi-kappa distributions. The effect of the anisotropy and non-thermal features associated to the product-bi-kappa distributions on the firehose instability are numerically investigated. The general conclusion to be drawn from the results obtained is that the increase in non-thermal features which is consequence of the decrease of the κ indexes in the ion distribution contributes to increase the instability in magnitude and wave number range, in comparison with bi-Maxwellian distributions with similar temperature anisotropy, and that the increase of non-thermal features in the electron distribution contributes to the quenching of the instability, which is nevertheless driven by the anisotropy in the ion distribution. Significant differences between results obtained either considering product-bi-kappa distributions or bi-kappa distributions are also reported.

AIM: To assess sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors for periodontal attachment loss (PAL) progression after 5 years in an urban sample from south Brazil. METHODS: At baseline, 1586 subjects, 14 years and older, were derived using a multistage probabilistic sample strategy. At follow-up, 653 of 755 subjects had >/=6 teeth and were included in this analysis. A modified multiple Poisson regression was used to calculate adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Overall, 247 (37.8%) subjects exhibited PAL progression >/=3 mm in >/=4 teeth. Subjects older than 30 years had approximately two times higher risk of having PAL progression than younger subjects. Subjects with low education had 53% higher risk (RR = 1.53; 95% CI:1.06-2.22) of PAL progression compared to those with high education. A significant interaction between gender and smoking was observed. Among never-smokers, males were 33% more likely (RR = 1.33; 95% CI:1.06-1.66) to experience PAL progression than females. Among smokers, there was 8% increased risk of PAL progression (RR = 1.08; 95% CI:1.01-1.14) for males and 21% (RR = 1.21; 95% CI:1.11-1.33) for females per 10 packyears. Skin colour, socioeconomy, dental care and diabetes were not significantly associated with PAL progression after statistical adjustment. CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic factors and smoking are independent risk factors for PAL progression in this Brazilian population.