PURPOSE: To determine whether family income, age and educational level of the mother of the family are associated with self-reported use of dental floss over a 13-year period in a city in southern Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparison of two household surveys was carried out where mothers of the family were interviewed using a structured questionnaire in order to obtain demographic, behavioural and socioeconomic information. In total, 852 and 984 households were included in 1996 and 2009, respectively. Self-reported use of dental floss was assessed dichotomously (yes/no). Poisson regression models were fitted to study the association between sociodemographic variables with the use of dental floss. Proportion ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were reported. RESULTS: The proportion of dental floss use increased from 48% to 59% over 13 years. The probability of dental floss use increased 1.23 times from 1996 to 2009 (PR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.13-1.34). Households with mothers >/=50 years old presented a 28% lower probability of using dental floss than households with mothers

O presente artigo pretende inserir o teólogo franciscano Geraldo Odon (ca. 1290-1349) no debate historiográfico medieval acerca das diferentes solções oferecidas ao célebre paradoxo do mentiroso. Na primeira parte a autora apresenta rapidamente e de forma esquemática os principais tipos de solução ao sofisma para em seguida analisar o texto de Odon, respondendo à questão da sua originalidade.

Wireless networks are gaining space in industrial environments due to the low installation costs and low maintenance. Robustness is also one of the main requirements for these systems to be adopted, and, in this context, WirelessHART (WH), ISA SP100.11a, and WIA-PA protocols met these characteristics. In order to provide low maintenance, these protocols must provide reliable radio links while keeping low power consumption to allow battery powered devices. Unfortunately, the standards of these protocols do not impose any RF power modulation technique, which is a form to increase even more the battery endurance of a wireless field device. Instead, RF power levels are fixed and selected by commissioning, and must allow the longest link per device. In this case, devices in closer ranges waste energy during transmissions, as they could save energy by modulating the RF power. This paper presents a RF power modulation technique that employs a proportional-integral controller and allows reduction of energy consumption while keeping the robustness of RF links. A proof of concept of the power modulation technique is implemented and verified showing good results and proving that the proposed controller is feasible. The proposal has the advantage to be fully compatible with the standard.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: An association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis has been suggested in the literature, but the evidence is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and periodontitis in a probability sample of adults from south Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This analysis included 1115 subjects aged 18-65 years derived from a representative sample from south Brazil. Data were collected from participants from clinical examination and structured interviews. Alcohol consumption was assessed by asking participants about the usual number of drinks consumed in a week. Four categories of alcohol consumption were defined: non-drinker, 1 glass/wk, 1 glass/d. Individuals with >/= 30% teeth with periodontal attachment loss >/= 5 mm were classified as having periodontitis. Logistic models adjusting for age, race, socioeconomic status, dental care, body mass index, self-reported diabetes and smoking were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: After adjusting for co-factors, females who reported drinking > 1 glass/d were more likely to have periodontitis (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.4-10.1), whereas females who reported drinking up to 1 glass/d were 50% less likely to have periodontitis (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3-0.8). No significant associations between overall alcohol intake and periodontitis were observed for males. In an exploratory analysis, wine consumption was associated with a lower likelihood of periodontitis among males (OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1-0.5) but not females. CONCLUSION: The periodontal health of males and females appears to be affected differently by alcohol consumption. Moderate wine consumption may have a beneficial effect in males.

Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease. Recent studies suggest that periodontal infection and the ensuing increase in the levels of inflammatory markers may be associated with myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. The present article aimed at reviewing contemporary data on the pathophysiology of vascular endothelium and its association with periodontitis in the scenario of cardiovascular disease.

A decade has passed since we first reviewed the epidemiology of periodontal diseases in Latin America. At that time, lack of population-based studies was the norm and our conclusions were based on very limited evidence. The aim of the present comprehensive review was to update and expand our previous work by providing a broad overview of Latin America and its current social, economic and demographic status and by focusing on the epidemiology of periodontal diseases in Latin American adults published in the last 15 years. The amount of periodontal epidemiological data available has increased but is still restricted to a few countries only. The scope of the literature available has also broadened to include oral health-related quality of life and systemic interactions; however, most studies had methodological limitations that might have biased their results. In general, periodontitis was very prevalent, but severe periodontal destruction was localized. Besides being associated with well-established risk factors, periodontitis was associated with demographics and socio-economic factors in Latin American populations. To advance epidemiological knowledge, population-based cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, using appropriate methodologies, should be the future focus of the research agenda of researchers and public health planners in Latin American countries.

Few population-based cohort studies have been established in Dentistry and this is especially true for Latin America. We conducted a population-based prospective study focusing on oral health in Porto Alegre, south Brazil, and herein we describe its methodology and discuss directions for further research. The cohort was established in 2001 using a multistage probability sample of 1,465 toothed and 121 edentulous subjects. A 5-year follow-up was performed in 2006 that included 755 individuals. The main aim of this study was to determine the pattern and risk factors for periodontal disease progression and tooth loss incidence. A full-mouth protocol was used including periodontal assessments at six sites per tooth. Primary outcomes were periodontal attachment loss and tooth loss. Oral mucosal lesions, dental plaque, gingivitis, supragingival calculus, probing depths, gingival recession, and dental caries were also assessed. This is the first population-based cohort study to focus on periodontal disease in Latin America. Findings will contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology of periodontal disease and provide valuable data for the planning and implementation of preventive and therapeutic strategies.

The purpose is to evaluate models obtained by different 3D scanning systems, and that the geometric variations can generate implications for anthropometric measurements for custom product design. For comparison and analysis, the right leg of a subject was scanned by white light 3D scanner (Artec Eva) and the infrared scanner (Microsoft Kinect). 3D models obtained by the scanners were compared using the Geomagic Qualify software. Also, by CNC machining of visual comparisons were performed analysis, for pressure mapping and thermography. The results were satisfactory both for the use of Kinect scanner and for Artec Eve. However, there was a dimensional difference of about 7 mm between the 3D models, which shows higher accuracy measures the models obtained by Eve Artec scanner. However, does not invalidate the use of Kinect for developing custom product designs. What will determine the most suitable for each type 3D scanner product is the degree of accuracy necessary for the product to perform its function with greater comfort and efficiency.

A criatividade é um fator essencial para a competitividade dos produtos e o sucesso das empresas. Existe uma série de técnicas criativas que podem ser utilizadas por equipes de projeto de produto. Porém, ocorrem dificuldades na aplicação sistemática dessas técnicas no momento de gerar as concepções de projeto. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir o uso de técnicas criativas para a geração de ideias de produtos durante o Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP). Foi realizado um estudo experimental por meio do desenvolvimento de um produto que auxilie no transporte de crianças. O desenvolvimento do produto foi realizado até a etapa de projeto conceitual. Para isso, foi utilizado o jogo Creative Sketch na geração de ideias, assim como, técnicas de avaliação e seleção de concepções de projeto para eleger as concepções mais adequadas aos requisitos de projeto. A utilização do jogo possibilitou a geração de 72 ideias em um curto período de tempo. Além do jogo, utilizaram-se o método da síntese funcional e a técnica da matriz morfológica para a geração de alternativas, assim como o método de Pugh para a seleção das melhores alternativas. Como resultado desse processo obtiveram-se duas concepções de produto que atenderam aos requisitos de projeto estabelecidos. Palavras-chave: Criatividade, Técnicas para a geração de ideias, PDP, Jogo, Seleção de concepções.

This article investigates the systematization of technical education in “graphic design”, issues related to curriculum and to structuring guidelines of technical courses at secondary level, and also its technological area. It also explains the use of specific nomenclature in each mode of education, the relations of the verticalization of technical education at secondary level, according to the Ministry of Education and considerations related to professional occupations listed in the Brazilian Classification of Occupations of the Ministry of Labor and Employment. The article also explores the national and international scientific competitions, associated with professional education at secondary level often entitled Knowledge Olympics or Professional Training Tournaments. The information presented uses the National Catalogue of Technical Courses proposed in 2008, the Brazilian Classification of Occupations, the Knowledge Olympics guidelines developed and organized by the National Service of Industrial Education, and the rules and guidelines of the International Tournament of Professional Training - WorldSkills Competition- as a checking basis. In addition, the study aims to reflect on a contribution to the labor market and also to the technological, scientific and cultural development of the society through the verticalization of technical education supported by scientific competitions in the graphic design field.

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um produto baseado nos conceitos de modelagem paramétrica e fabricação digital. Tais conceitos trazem consigo a possibilidade de otimizar os recursos investidos no processo de design, aumentando a produtividade, além de agilizar as fases de prototipagem e de ajuste do projeto. A partir de um problema proposto: diminuir as grandes perdas causadas pelo desperdício de alimentos na fase de pós-produção, o produto desenvolvido ao longo desta pesquisa é uma embalagem para o transporte de frutas. Para a geração de ideias foi utilizado o jogo Creative Sketch, desenvolvido por Cardozo (2012), e a modelagem paramétrica, realizada no software Rhinoceros 3D com o plugin Grasshopper.

This paper presents the main contributions of the research group Virtual Design (ViD) on the learning process of Descriptive Geometry (DG), in line with the principles of project-based learning. First, the paper presents the theoretical framework for the main ViD initiatives applied to the learning of DG, including design-based learning and physical and virtual modelling. The initiatives presented include a learning cycle based on concrete and virtual experiences in the design context. These initiatives, that feed the learning of DG, are the result of the academic research of the Virtual Design research group, that also involves Masters and PhD projects, with repercussions on the development of new methods, new technologies and new products and the quality of education.