OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: To evaluate the association between periodontal disease, tooth loss and coronary heart disease (CHD). There is still controversy about the relationship between periodontal disease and tooth loss with vessel obstruction assessed using coronary angiography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 195 patients that underwent coronary angiography and presented with at least six teeth. Patients were classified into three categories of coronary obstruction severity: absence; one or more vessels with /= 50% obstruction. The extent of coronary obstruction was dichotomized into 0 and >/= 1 affected vessels. A periodontist blinded to patient CHD status conducted a full mouth examination to determine mean clinical attachment loss, mean periodontal probing depth and tooth loss. Multiple logistic regression models were applied adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, smoking, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Most patients were males (62.1%) older than 60 years (50.8%), and 61% of them had CHD. Mean periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment loss and tooth loss were 2.64 +/- 0.72 mm, 4.40 +/- 1.31 mm and 12.50 +/- 6.98 teeth respectively. In the multivariable models, tooth loss was significantly associated with a higher chance of having at least one obstructed vessel (odds ratio = 1.04; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.09) and with vessel obstruction >/= 50% (odds ratio = 1.06; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.11). No significant associations were found between periodontal variables and vessel obstruction. CONCLUSION: Tooth loss was found to be a risk indicator for CHD.

The aim is to develop a method for obtaining anthropometric parameters using a low cost three-dimensional digitizer. The research methodology is divided in five steps: literature review; collection and analysis of anthropometric data using the direct method and also the development of the indirect method for obtaining anthropometric measurements; comparison and data analysis; discussion of results and the completion of the research. The digitization process developed it is based on Microsoft Kinect, a low-cost device, and also on the software kscan3D. For the anthropometric collection from the three-dimensional model is used Autodesk 3D Studio Max. This research presents requirements and constraints for generate the three-dimensional model in order to obtain a mesh with satisfactory precision. It is presented a flowchart to guide the implementation of the developed method in the design process as well as a summary table containing guidelines for this application. The developed method achieved 97.96% of compatibility considering the results of the measured variables in relation to the direct method. These results were obtained with an exposure time of the individual of only 3 minutes and 28 seconds, which is less than the time required in the direct method – 1 hour and 12 minutes. This demonstrates one major contribution of the developed method.

This work present axonometric and orthographic views to learning of Descriptive Geometry concepts. Axonometric views are a good way to show the utility of successive auxiliary views because they present the process and promote the 3D comprehension of objects. The paper proposes ways to build axonometric projections from any point of view by Descriptive Geometry tools. Besides, the use of the principal views enhances the understanding of successive auxiliary views, but in a more complex context where the student must choose directions to find the correct projections. Through these directions, you can choose the sequence of auxiliary planes that result in orthographic views. This work shows how two unusual concepts in the Descriptive Geometry education context can promote a better understanding of many of its contents.

The aim of this paper is comparing both tridimensional scanners: white light Artec Eva; and Infra-red light Microsoft Kinect. This comparison enables evaluate possibilities of these equipments for developing user-centered product projects. It was carried out comparison's concerning both precision and dimensional deviation through virtual and physical models generated by CAD and CAM systems. It was verified the need of eliminating the human body movement by using physical models in the performed analysis. As a result, both scanners demonstrated measurement precision, with the advantage of Artec Eva over Microsoft Kinect. The selection of the most appropriated scanner concerning the projects needs evolves factors such as: the available cost for the project; and the required precision fidelity for the aimed product. Both digital scanners considered in this paper contribute to the development of customized products, showing the relationships between tools and needed product fidelity.

Dados obtidos com o Censo Demográfico, em 2010, revelaram que quase 24% da população brasileira possuem algum tipo de deficiência, sendo a deficiência visual a de maior ocorrência. Dentre as políticas sociais que buscam atender às diferentes necessidades dos cidadãos, vale destacar o direito universal à educação. Recursos didáticos de diferentes naturezas vêm sendo empregados como ferramenta para auxiliar o ensino-aprendizagem de pessoas com deficiência visual. Vale, porém, questionar se esses recursos são realmente eficazes na compreensão de determinados conteúdos? Assim, o presente trabalho propõe a validação de modelos didáticos 3D para permitir a compreensão de sistemas nanoestruturados por deficientes visuais. A avaliação dos modelos foi realizada por usuário cego e, para tanto, foi utilizada uma adaptação do instrumento SETT (Alunos, Ambiente, Tarefas e Ferramentas). Os resultados indicam que os modelos produzidos por impressão 3D necessitam de revisão no que tange à legenda em Braille, mas, quanto aos demais aspectos, são viáveis para o uso como recurso didático para alunos com deficiência visual.

The conceptual design step is the most complex of the design process and brings great challenges to designers. The number of possible concepts from a combination of functional principles can reach millions. This could derail an exhaustive search for the best possible concepts. So, this work proposes an evolutionary approach to that problem. The result is a framework based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) that combines the specific properties of the design process with the core of GA, improving this process as a natural evolution.

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In this paper, I defend an account of how perceptual experience can bear rational relation to our empirical thought. In the first part, I elaborate two claims that are central for the justificational role of perceptual experience, namely, the claim that perception and belief share the same kind of content, and the claim that perception is independent from belief. At first sight, these claims seems not to be compatible, since the first one seems to require the truth of content conceptualism, while the second one seems to require its falsity. In the second part, based on Alva Noë's actionist theory of perception, I argue in favor of a less intellectualist interpretation of the first claim, uncommitted to content conceptualism, and then I show how it can be reconciled with the second claim. Finally, I explain how perception holds rational relationships with our empirical thought through the exercise of observational concepts. These concepts link what I propose to call ‘space of actions’ to the logical space of reasons.

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Esse trabalho apresenta uma discussão metodológica de como apreender a heterogeneidade do rural paulista a partir da integração de dados dos Censos Agropecuário e Demográfico. O objetivo é explorar técnicas de análise multivariada e espacial que auxiliem na apreensão do rural como construção socioespacial, estruturado por fluxos que extrapolam a produção estritamente agropecuária e remetem a diferentes dinâmicas de redistribuição de população. O artigo está dividido em cinco partes principais. Na introdução, é explicitado a perspectiva teórica do trabalho. Em seguida, apresentam-se as variáveis utilizadas, o tratamento dado aos casos perdidos, avaliação das distribuições e correlações. Na terceira parte, recorre-se à análise fatorial como de reduzir o conjunto de indicadores iniciais em constructos fracamente correlacionados. No item quatro, os fatores criados são submetidos a uma análise classificatória de cluster que, na quinta e última parte, é interpretada espacialmente. A título de considerações finais, é reiterada a multiplicidade de formas com que o rural regional se conecta ao urbano local, de modo a reforçar a centralidade dos processos históricos na articulação de diferentes espaços rurais.

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