The extended mind thesis claims that some mental states and cognitive processes extend onto the environment. Items external to the organism or exploratory actions may constitute in part mental states and cognitive processes. In Clark and Chalmers’ original paper, ‘The Extended Mind’, this thesis receives support from the parity principle and from the active externalism. In their paper, more emphasis is given to the parity principle, which is presented as neutral regarding the nature of cognition. It would be advantageous to maintain that extended mental states and processes do not require a reform of our pre-theoretical view of cognition. In the present paper, I submit that we should give more emphasis on the active externalism, which, I argue, is not neutral regarding the nature of cognition. Cognition is viewed as successful adaptation to a specific task. Although this move may seem at first disadvantageous, it is necessary for the correct understanding and justification of Otto case as an example of extended mental state. Additionally, the parity principle cannot handle Weiskopf’s criticism that information registered in Otto’s notebook is not responsive to reasons. In order to address this criticism, we need to appeal to active externalism and its corresponding view of cognition.

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
To analyze the trends of oral and oropharyngeal cancer mortality in Uruguay between 1997 and 2014 according to sex and age groups and its possible association with sociodemographic factors.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A time-series ecological study using secondary data was performed. The data about mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancers were obtained from the Statistics Vitals Department of the Public Health Ministry of Uruguay. To estimate the mortality trends of the historical series, by sex, anatomical site and age groups, linear regressions generated by the Prais-Winsten procedure were used.

RESULTS:
The analysis of mortality trends for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in Uruguay indicated that the global mortality rate was stable over the studied period. The women's mortality rate increased from 0.51 per 100,000 in 1997 to 0.65 per 100,000 in 2014 while for men, rates per 100,000 went from 3.22 in 1997 to 2.20 per 100,000 in 2014. Mortality from oral cancer in men decreased between 1997 and 2014. Mortality by oropharyngeal cancer, irrespective of sex, remained stable. Analysis by cancer site revealed decreasing trends tumors situated in the base of the tongue and gum. Years of education, unemployment, smoking and Gini index were not associated with mortality trends.

CONCLUSIONS:
The overall mortality from oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay has remained constant in the period between 1997 and 2014. Oral cancer mortality decreased in men and increased in women and decreased at the base of the tongue. It's necessary to continue monitoring the behavior of these diseases.

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O estudo das populações e as formas de ocupação do espaço amazônico, além de não ser tarefa fácil, em decorrência de uma série de limitações técnicas e teóricas, é uma tarefa que muitas vezes avança em direção a um debate muito relevante para a sociedade brasileira, qual seja, o estado atual e a dinâmica de uma das mais estratégicas regiões da América do Sul. Este trabalho realiza uma reflexão baseada nos dados primários dos Censos demográficos de 2000 e 2010, e em referências secundárias apresentando as diferenças e semelhanças entre dois municípios paraenses, Altamira e São Félix do Xingu, que até 1961 formavam uma única área, o município de Altamira. Para tanto, é utilizada uma abordagem que vai além da escala municipal e está atenta para as dinâmicas nos espaços intramunicipais: sedes municipais, vilas, povoados rurais e Áreas Protegidas (AP), tais como Unidades de Conservação (UC) e Terras Indígenas (TI).