The extended mind thesis claims that at least some cognitive processes extend beyond the organism’s brain in that they are constituted by the organism’s actions on its surrounding environment. A more radical move would be to claim that social actions performed by the organism could at least constitute some of its mental processes. This can be called the socially extended mind thesis. Based on the notion of affordance as developed in the ecological psychology tradition, I defend the view that perception extends to the environment. Then I will expand the notion of affordance to encompass social affordances. Thus, perception can in some situations also be socially extended.

The dynamic physical interval where postmortem alteration of biological remains takes place is widely known as the taphonomically active zone (TAZ). In benthic systems, the TAZ is conventionally considered to be delimited by an upper boundary at the sediment-water interface and a lower boundary corresponding roughly to the deepest sediment layer influenced by bioturbation. However, this definition was developed in the context of marine or continental environments inhabited by benthic fauna and disregards the modifications that pelagic remains undergo while sinking through the water column. Indeed, long before the skeletal remains of planktonic organisms reach the sediment-water interface, they may suffer significant taphonomic damage, primarily due to dissolution. The magnitude of dissolution depends on the composition of the skeletal remains, seawater properties, and the nature and intensity of biological processes in the water column. In open ocean environments, siliceous remains (e.g., diatoms, radiolarians) suffer enhanced dissolution in the upper water column, where seawater is undersaturated in silica, whereas pelagic carbonate remains (e.g., foraminifers, coccolithophores) experience higher dissolution below the lysocline (the depth where there is a sharp increase in dissolution rate) until they reach the carbonate compensation depth (CCD), where dissolution is complete. Therefore, we argue that the TAZ concept for pelagic organisms should be extended to include the water column through which they settle after death. Furthermore, the extent of taphonomic damage of pelagic microfossils can be used as a potential proxy for past changes in seawater chemistry and circulation related to oceanographic conditions. © 2018, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).