In the field of Statistical Process Control (SPC) there are several different approaches to deal with monitoring of batch processes. Such processes present a three-way data structure (batches × variables × time-instants), so that for each batch a multivariate time series is available. Traditional approaches do not take into account the time series nature of the data. They deal with this kind of data by applying multivariate techniques in a reduced two-way data structure, in order to capture variables dynamics in some way. Recent developments in SPC have proposed the use of the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) time series model considering the original three-way structure. However, they are restricted to control approaches focused on VAR residuals. This paper proposes a new approach to deal with batch processes using the VAR model, but focusing on coefficients instead of residuals. Through a simulated batch process, we illustrate the better performance of our approach over the residual-based control charts in both offline and online context.

O capítulo pretende apresentar a primeira parte de uma análise da teoria cartesiana da percepção sensível na Dióptrica, inserindo-as, tanto quanto possível, no contexto do debate sobre esses temas em na primeira metade do século XVII. Neste texto, ressalto os pontos de contato entre essa teoria e a ótica de Kepler, cuja influência na dióptrica cartesiana é manifesta, mas também em que sentindo ela propicia uma resposta à ótica de Christoph Scheiner, matemático jesuíta que promove uma reforma na concepção tomista da percepção sensível para acomodar as teses da ótica de Kepler, sem, todavia, abandonar os conceitos de similitude e de species.

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
To analyze the trends of oral and oropharyngeal cancer mortality in Uruguay between 1997 and 2014 according to sex and age groups and its possible association with sociodemographic factors.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A time-series ecological study using secondary data was performed. The data about mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancers were obtained from the Statistics Vitals Department of the Public Health Ministry of Uruguay. To estimate the mortality trends of the historical series, by sex, anatomical site and age groups, linear regressions generated by the Prais-Winsten procedure were used.

RESULTS:
The analysis of mortality trends for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in Uruguay indicated that the global mortality rate was stable over the studied period. The women's mortality rate increased from 0.51 per 100,000 in 1997 to 0.65 per 100,000 in 2014 while for men, rates per 100,000 went from 3.22 in 1997 to 2.20 per 100,000 in 2014. Mortality from oral cancer in men decreased between 1997 and 2014. Mortality by oropharyngeal cancer, irrespective of sex, remained stable. Analysis by cancer site revealed decreasing trends tumors situated in the base of the tongue and gum. Years of education, unemployment, smoking and Gini index were not associated with mortality trends.

CONCLUSIONS:
The overall mortality from oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay has remained constant in the period between 1997 and 2014. Oral cancer mortality decreased in men and increased in women and decreased at the base of the tongue. It's necessary to continue monitoring the behavior of these diseases.